景洪市大渡岗乡：田园综合体示范项目力促普洱茶一二三产融合发展Dadugang Township, Jinghong City: Rural Comprehensive Demonstration Project Promotes the Integrated Development of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Production of Pu'er Tea

作者 :陈瑾 来源 :西双版纳州乡村振兴局

走进景洪市大渡岗乡，首先映入眼帘就是一望无际的碧绿茶海，整齐的茶园顺着山势绵延不绝，巍巍壮观。大渡岗乡是云南省种植绿茶面积最大的乡镇之一，素有中国“茶叶第一乡”美誉，2011年被评为“国家级生态乡镇”，2013年被评为“全国‘一村一品’示范乡镇”“中国美丽田园·十大最美茶园景观”。据统计，全乡茶园种植规模达90906亩，2020年干毛茶产量达3671吨，同比增长9.3%，产值达1.47亿元；茶园坚果套种9218亩，年产量62.38万公斤，产值达748.5万元。

曾经的大渡岗乡因茶而兴、因茶闻名，其65246亩连片茶园还被世界纪录认证机构认定为“世界最大连片茶园”。进入新发展阶段，如何借力普洱茶产业优势地位，促进一二三产融合发展，打造出具有大渡岗特色的田园综合体示范项目，成为大渡岗乡乃至景洪市思考的问题。

为进一步推动乡村振兴发展、让全乡各族群众都享受到发展带来的实惠，景洪市委、市政府高度重视，市政府与相关企业签订“投资建设景洪大渡岗茶园旅游小镇项目合作”框架协议，计划投资约30亿元，在大渡岗6.5万亩连片茶园范围内打造以1.5万亩茶园为核心区的田园综合体。

该项目紧紧围绕实施乡村振兴和建设世界旅游名城的契机，以打造“享誉世界、独一无二”的田园综合体为目标，以“绿色食品牌”与“健康生活目的地牌”为项目建设的重要纽带，重点实施高优茶园基地、茶加工仓储物流体系、茶海观光园、茶旅文化村、基础设施五大建设任务，做精一产、做大二产、做强三产，为全市巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接打造样板。2021年，该项目规划投入1亿元首批专项债券资金，坚持边规划边实施原则，主要实施产业园区基础设施建设项目2项，有机化茶园建设项目4项。

“你现在看到的这一片茶地，树龄都超过了百年，我们对其进行了生态化改造。众所周知，西双版纳是普洱茶的故乡和云南大叶种茶的发源地，世居于此的各民族种茶、制茶、贸茶、饮茶文化代代相传，经久不衰；茶马古道从这里交汇集散，绵延千里，走向世界。普洱茶是西双版纳重要的文化标签，而大渡岗是茶马古道上重要的一环，我们希望通过改造，重现这片古茶园的光辉，吸引更多游客来大渡岗寻茶访茶，发展茶旅项目，从而推动整个普洱茶产业向一二三产融合发展大步迈进。”大渡岗农场相关负责人、云南西双版纳大渡岗茶叶实业总公司副董事长许景坤向记者介绍。

据悉，田园综合体示范项目将以云南西双版纳大渡岗茶叶实业总公司为主体，充分发挥大渡岗生态条件好的优势，坚持走名优茶、有机茶生产之路，加快发展茶叶深加工，开发研制新产品，提高茶叶产品的卫生质量标准，逐步打造绿色、优质、安全，具有本地特色的茶叶“名牌”。

一产、二产是云南西双版纳大渡岗茶叶实业总公司的传统产业，如何做精一产、做大二产，是公司发展的基础。据介绍，该公司成立于1981年，2010年农垦改革属地管理后属于景洪市大渡岗农场管理委员会管理，现有34个居民小组，3430户，总人口10976人。公司的茶叶加工厂有初制加工车间4个，毛茶年生产能力达2000吨，具有先进的生产设备、生产工艺，可生产绿茶、普洱茶、红茶、白茶等系列茶产品。

“活干得更少，收入却更多了！”大渡岗农场茶海社区第六居民组组长谢正文在自家茶地里修剪茶树时说。

谢正文喜滋滋地和记者聊了起来，据他介绍，2012年开始，全组83户人家就参与到了茶园生态化改造中。“生态管养，茶树不施肥、不打药、人工除草。最初几年确实比较难，产量一下减少了三分之一。但时间一长，生态茶园的优势就显示出来了，病虫害大幅减少，我们干的活也相应减少了，价格也翻了好几倍，干毛茶收购价从改造前的20多元一公斤，涨到了100元一公斤。所以我才说，活干得更少，收入却更多了！”

近年来，大渡岗农场在“稳胶、兴茶、育果”的新型发展思路下，引导茶农进行生态化茶园改造，将传统价格低廉、品质低下的台地茶改造成生态化茶园。经过改造，生态化茶园茶叶品质得到提升，茶叶价格相较普通台地茶价格大幅提高，原台地茶价格在22至23元每公斤的干毛茶，改造后售价可达100元每公斤。2016年，大渡岗农场又开始实施撂荒茶园改造，对辖区内无人管理撂荒的900余亩茶园进行生态乔木茶园改造。经过改造，生态乔木茶园出产的干毛茶价格在2019年更是达到900元每公斤的售价。

通过生态化茶园、生态乔木茶园改造，不仅提升了茶叶品质，还增强了本地台地茶的市场竞争力，茶叶价格的提高也给市场注入了一针强心剂，让广大群众看到了发展的前景，增收的希望。

茶地管护活计减少了，许多和谢正文一样的普通茶农开始响应号召在茶地里套种坚果，没想到几年后随着坚果价格的稳定，他们的收入增加了近一倍。

“就拿我家来说，我今年的茶叶收入大约在3万多元，坚果收入大约是2.3万元。通过套种坚果，我们居民组的茶农多的增收近9万元，少的也有1万元，生活真是越来越有盼头了！”谢正文说。

自成立以来，云南西双版纳大渡岗茶叶实业总公司以“食品安全、产品质量求生存，信誉求发展”为办企宗旨，牢固树立“以科技创新为动力，全面开展制度创新、技术创新和管理创新”的管理理念，高度重视食品质量安全，取得了良好成绩。该公司已通过质量管理体系认证、食品安全管理体系认证、云南品牌认证，被评为云南省先进企业、云南省重点龙头企业、出口茶质量先进企业、农业部农产品质量追溯定点企业、全国农垦工业利税百强企业、中国企业最佳形象AAA级，先后荣获“云南省优质产品奖”“国家农牧渔业部优质产品金奖”“中国首届食品博览会银质奖”“中国最佳形象AAA级企业”“国家二级企业”、中国普洱茶十大知名企业之一等荣誉称号。“大渡岗”牌注册商标被评为云南省著名商标，并入编为二十一世纪国际茶叶保健饮品推广名录。

茶叶的兴盛对促进边疆经济发展，维护社会安定，增进民族团结起到了重要作用。

Author: Chen Jin Source: Xishuangbanna Rural Revitalization Bureau

Entering Dadugang Township in Jinghong City, the first thing that catches the eye is an endless sea of green tea, with neatly arranged tea gardens stretching endlessly along the mountain terrain, majestic and spectacular. Dadugang Township is one of the towns in Yunnan Province with the largest green tea planting area, known as the "Number One Tea Town" in China. In 2011, it was rated as a "National Ecological Township", and in 2013, it was rated as a "National 'One Village, One Product' Demonstration Township" and "China's Beautiful Countryside - Top Ten Most Beautiful Tea Garden Landscapes". According to statistics, the planting scale of tea gardens in the entire township has reached 90906 acres. In 2020, the output of dry tea reached 3671 tons, a year-on-year increase of 9.3%, and the output value reached 147 million yuan; The tea garden has 9218 acres of nut intercropping, with an annual output of 623800 kilograms and a production value of 7.485 million yuan.

The former Dadugang Township flourished and became famous for its tea. Its 65246 acres of contiguous tea gardens have been recognized by world record certification agencies as the "world's largest contiguous tea gardens". Entering a new stage of development, how to leverage the advantageous position of Pu'er tea industry, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and create a demonstration project of rural complex with Dadugang characteristics has become a question for Dadugang Township and even Jinghong City to consider.

In order to further promote rural revitalization and enable all ethnic groups in the township to enjoy the benefits of development, the Jinghong Municipal Party Committee and Government attach great importance to it. The Municipal Government has signed a framework agreement with relevant enterprises to invest in the construction of the Jinghong Dadugang Tea Garden Tourism Town project. The plan is to invest about 3 billion yuan to create a rural complex with 15000 acres of tea gardens as the core area within the 65000 acres of contiguous tea gardens in Dadugang.

The project focuses on the opportunity of implementing rural revitalization and building a world-renowned tourist city, with the goal of creating a "world-renowned and unique" rural complex. The "green food brand" and "healthy living destination brand" are important links in the project construction, with a focus on implementing five major construction tasks: high-quality tea garden base, tea processing and warehousing logistics system, tea sea sightseeing park, tea tourism cultural village, and infrastructure. The goal is to refine the primary industry, expand the secondary industry, and strengthen the tertiary industry, creating a model for the effective connection between the city's poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization. In 2021, the project plans to invest 100 million yuan in the first batch of special bond funds, adhering to the principle of planning while implementing, mainly implementing 2 infrastructure construction projects in industrial parks and 4 organic tea garden construction projects.

The tea plantation you are seeing now has trees over a hundred years old, and we have carried out ecological transformation on it. As we all know, Xishuangbanna is the hometown of Pu'er tea and the birthplace of Yunnan large leaf tea. The tea culture of various ethnic groups who have lived here for generations has been passed down and has not declined. The Tea Horse Ancient Road intersects and distributes here, stretching for thousands of miles and going global. Pu'er tea is an important cultural label in Xishuangbanna, and Dadugang is an important part of the Tea Horse Ancient Road. We hope to recreate the glory of this ancient tea plantation through transformation, attract more tourists to Dadugang to search for tea and visit tea, develop tea tourism projects, and promote the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in the entire Pu'er tea industry. Great strides have been made in development, "Xu Jingkun, the person in charge of Dadugang Farm and Vice Chairman of Yunnan Xishuangbanna Dadugang Tea Industry Corporation, introduced to reporters.

It is reported that the demonstration project of the rural complex will be led by Yunnan Xishuangbanna Dadugang Tea Industry Corporation, fully leveraging the advantages of Dadugang's good ecological conditions, adhering to the path of producing famous and organic tea, accelerating the development of tea deep processing, developing new products, improving the hygiene quality standards of tea products, and gradually creating a green, high-quality, safe, and locally distinctive tea "brand".

The primary and secondary industries are the traditional industries of Yunnan Xishuangbanna Dadugang Tea Industry Corporation. How to refine the primary industry and expand the secondary industry is the foundation for the company's development. It is reported that the company was established in 1981 and was under the management of the Dadugang Farm Management Committee in Jinghong City after the land reclamation reform in 2010. It currently has 34 resident groups, 3430 households, and a total population of 10976 people. The company's tea processing plant has four initial processing workshops, with an annual production capacity of 2000 tons of raw tea. It has advanced production equipment and processes, and can produce a series of tea products such as green tea, pu erh tea, black tea, and white tea.

Working less, earning more! "Said Xie Zhengwen, the leader of the sixth resident group in the Tea Sea Community of Dadugang Farm, while pruning tea trees in his own tea field.

Xie Zhengwen happily chatted with the reporter. According to his introduction, since 2012, the entire group of 83 households has participated in the ecological transformation of tea gardens. Ecological management and cultivation, tea trees are not fertilized, not treated with pesticides, and manually weeded. In the first few years, it was indeed difficult, and the yield decreased by one-third. But over time, the advantages of ecological tea gardens became apparent, with a significant reduction in pests and diseases, and the amount of work we did correspondingly reduced. The price also increased several times, and the purchase price of dry tea increased from over 20 yuan per kilogram before the renovation to 100 yuan per kilogram. That's why I said that we did less work but earned more income

In recent years, under the new development concept of "stabilizing rubber, promoting tea, and cultivating fruits", Dadugang Farm has guided tea farmers to carry out ecological tea garden transformation, transforming traditional low-priced and low-quality plateau tea into ecological tea gardens. After renovation, the quality of tea in ecological tea gardens has been improved, and the price of tea has significantly increased compared to ordinary Taiwanese tea. The original price of Taiwanese tea was 22 to 23 yuan per kilogram for dry tea, but after renovation, the price can reach 100 yuan per kilogram. In 2016, Dadugang Farm began to implement the transformation of abandoned tea gardens, and carried out ecological tree tea garden transformation on more than 900 acres of unmanaged abandoned tea gardens in the jurisdiction. After renovation, the price of dry tea produced by ecological tree tea gardens reached 900 yuan per kilogram in 2019.

Through the transformation of ecological tea gardens and ecological tree tea gardens, not only has the quality of tea been improved, but the market competitiveness of local Taiwanese tea has also been enhanced. The increase in tea prices has injected a shot in the arm into the market, allowing the general public to see the prospects of development and hope for increased income.

The maintenance work of tea fields has decreased, and many ordinary tea farmers like Xie Zhengwen have responded to the call to plant nuts in tea fields. Unexpectedly, a few years later, with the stability of nut prices, their income has nearly doubled.

Taking my family as an example, my tea income this year is about 30000 yuan, and my nut income is about 23000 yuan. Through intercropping nuts, the tea farmers in our residential group have increased their income by nearly 90000 yuan, and some have increased their income by 10000 yuan. Life is really becoming more and more hopeful! "Said Xie Zhengwen.

Since its establishment, Yunnan Xishuangbanna Dadugang Tea Industry Corporation has taken "food safety, product quality for survival, reputation for development" as its business purpose, firmly established the management concept of "taking technological innovation as the driving force, comprehensively carrying out institutional innovation, technological innovation and management innovation", attached great importance to food quality and safety, and achieved good results. The company has passed the quality management system certification, food safety management system certification, and Yunnan brand certification, and has been rated as an advanced enterprise in Yunnan Province, a key leading enterprise in Yunnan Province, an advanced enterprise in export tea quality, a designated enterprise for quality traceability of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture, one of the top 100 enterprises in national agricultural reclamation industry profits and taxes, and the best image AAA level of Chinese enterprises. It has successively won the "Yunnan Province Quality Product Award", "National Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Ministry Quality Product Gold Award", "China's First Food Expo Silver Award", "China's Best Image AAA level Enterprise", "National Second level Enterprise", and one of the top ten well-known enterprises of Pu'er tea in China. The registered trademark of "Dadugang" has been recognized as a famous trademark in Yunnan Province and included in the 21st Century International Tea Health Beverage Promotion List.

The prosperity of tea has played an important role in promoting the development of border economy, maintaining social stability, and enhancing ethnic unity.